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to Exposition of Romans:
3:9–20—Conclusion: OT confirms that humanity is under sin’s power
(January 26th 2019)
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Book on Reckoning
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Introduction
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Exposition of Romans
Reckoning
Definition of Reckoning
Bible Verses on Reckoning
What Scholars Say
Introduction
Chapter 1
1:1–2—Paul introduces himself and foretells themes to come
1:3–4—God’s Son is both Messiah and powerful Lord (part 1)
1:3–4—God’s Son is both Messiah and powerful Lord (part 2)
1:5–7—Paul’s mission is to lead Gentiles to obedient faith
1:8–15—Paul’s thanksgiving, purpose for writing, and plan to visit
1:16–17—No shame in the gospel for Jews and Gentiles (part 1)
1:16–17—No shame in the gospel for Jews and Gentiles (part 2)
1:18—God reveals his wrath against the ungodly and unrighteous
1:19–20—God’s self-revelation in creation makes all “without excuse.”
1:21–23 Refusing to honor God, people exchange his glory for idols
1:24–25—God hands over people to their sexual sin
1:26–27—Homosexuality is dishonorable and contrary to nature.
1:28–32—A debased mind’s faulty reasoning leads to sin and death.
Chapter 2
2:1–3—Paul confronts the self-righteous judge of others’ conduct.
2:4–5—Repent while God extends his kindness or face certain judgment
2:6–11—God is impartial in his judgment of humanity
2:12–16—Knowledge of the law is no protection from God’s judgment
2:17–24—Paul makes explicit the Jews’ hypocrisy and disobedience
2:25–26—Gentiles who obey the law shame Jews who break it.
2:27–29—A true Jew is circumcised in the heart by the Spirit
Chapter 3
3:1–4—Though humans are faithless and lie, God remains faithful
3:5–8—Sin’s display of God’s glory does not excuse the sin
3:9–20—Conclusion: OT confirms that humanity is under sin’s power
Chapter 4
Romans 4 —
Introduction to the “reckoning” chapter
4:1–3—Faith, reckoning, and righteousness
4:4–5—Faith alone is reckoned as righteousness
4:6–8—God also reckoned David righteous, even after he sinned
4:9–12—Abraham was declared righteous because of his faith, not circumcision.
4:13–16—God’s promise, human faith, and God’s grace.
4:17–21—Abraham’s faith apart from sight.
4:22–25—Like Abraham, we too must believe to be reckoned righteous.
Chapter 5
5:1–11—A peace of great price, initiated by God
5:1–11— God’s love is both outwardly displayed and felt in the heart
5:1–11—Hope of the glory of God
5:1–11—Saved from the wrath of God
5:1–11—Growing into a mature hope: We rejoice in suffering
5:12—The spread of death through Adam’s sinful deed
5:13–14—Everyone is guilty by violating God’s law
5:15–17—Death vs. “much more” life
5:18–19—Adam made all sinners; Christ made all who receive him righteous
5:20–21—Law increases sin; grace leads to eternal life
Chapter 6
6:1–2—The foolishness of underestimating grace
6:3–5—Union with Christ: Truth leads to action
6:6–7—“Old man” crucified: Freedom from sin’s power
6:8–10—The finality of Christ’s death and the permanence of his life
6:11—Reckoning: Positioning our minds for action
6:12–14—Submit no longer to sin, a dethroned king
6:15–16—A warning about grace as an excuse for any sin
6:17–19—Freed from sin to become slaves of righteousness
6:20–22—Contrasting fruit: Death versus life
6:23—Either work to death or accept the gift of life
Chapter 7
7:1-4—No longer bound to the law, we belong to Christ
7:5–6—Signposts to the weakness of the law and the new way of the Spirit
7:7—Paul’s masterful argument: The law reveals sin
7:7–13—Paul’s “I”: Is it himself, Adam, Israel, or everyone under law?
7:8–11—Sin takes advantage of the law to entice and kill its victim
7:12–13—Sin is so utterly sinful that it used the holy law to bring death
7:14–25—Who is “I” now?
7:14–17—Portrait of a life controlled by sin, from the inside
7:18–21—The painful struggle between desire and doing
7:22–23—Two warring laws, and one holds “I” captive
7:24–25—The cry for deliverance—already granted!
Chapter 8
8:1–2—Set free by the power of the Spirit
8:3–4—God condemned sin in the “flesh” of his Son
8:5–8—You are either of the flesh or of the Spirit
8:9–11—You are in the Spirit, who lives in you and is your source of life
8:10–11—The Spirit, who
is
life, will bring our bodies back to life
8:12–13—The flesh further defined, a startling warning, and the Spirit
8:14—The Spirit leads the sons of God
8:15—The Spirit of adoption and the cry of the Father’s children
8:16—Assurance of sonship by the Spirit’s witness
8:17—The children’s inheritance requires suffering with Christ
8:14–17—The meaning of adoption
8:18—Future glory surpasses present sufferings
8:19–22—Creation groans as it awaits humanity’s and its own freedom
8:23–25—We groan as we await the redemption of our bodies
8:26–27—The Spirit intercedes for us according to God’s will
8:28—God’s sovereign direction of all things for his people’s good
8:29-30—This “golden chain” begins with love and ends with glory
8:31-34—God’s offering of his own Son proves that he is
for
us
8:35-39—Nothing can separate Christians from the love of Christ
Chapter 9
9:1-5—Paul’s anguish over his kinsmen the Israelites
9:5b—Does Paul claim that Jesus is God?
9:6–9—God reckons as his offspring only the children of the promise
9:10–13—God chooses Jacob, not Esau, to establish his nation
9:14–18—God is not unjust to have mercy and to harden as he wills
9:17–18—God’s hardening of Pharaoh’s heart
9:19–23—The triumph of God’s mercy through his forbearance of wrath
9:24–29—God calls remnants of Jews and Gentiles to be his children
9:30–33—Gentiles obtain the prize by faith while Jews stumble
Chapter 10
10:1–4—God’s righteousness comes through Christ, not the law
10:5–8—Christ is not far away; he’s as close as your mouth and heart
10:9–13—To be saved, call on the name of Jesus, Lord of all
10:14–15—God sends preachers so everyone can hear and believe
10:16–18—The gospel links faith and obedience
10:19–21—Israel has always disobeyed, but God awaits her return
Chapter 11
11:1–6—God has not rejected his people; his grace preserves a remnant.
11:7–10—Except for the remnant, Israel is hardened against the gospel
11:11—Israel’s rejection is not final, and it brings salvation for Gentiles
11:12–15—The Jews’ future restoration will also benefit Gentiles
11:16—The faith of a few is the guarantee of Israel’s future
11:17-21—You Gentiles have no reason to be arrogant
11:22–24—Stay in the kindness of God or risk being cut off
11:25–27—God’s mercy is at the core of “this mystery.”
11:25–27—God will display his mercy in the salvation of “all Israel.”
11:28–29—Israel’s salvation is rooted in God’s faithfulness
11:30-31—Paul sums up God’s plan for salvation of Gentiles and Jews
11:32—God imprisons sinners so they might escape through the gospel
11:33–36—Glory to God for his unsearchable judgments
Chapter 12
Introduction: Theology and ethics
12:1 (part 1)—God’s sacrifice and ours: The principle of reciprocal love
12:1 (part 2)—Word by word
12:2 (part 1)—Introduction: Defense and offense
12:2 (part 2)—Don’t let the world shape you into its mold
12:2 (part 3)—Be transformed by the renewing of your mind
12:2 (part 4)—This is why we renew our mind
12:3—Think soberly according to our measure of faith
12:4-5—Unity, diversity, and mutuality
12:6-8—Let us use our gifts according to the grace given to us
12:9-10—Sincere and heartfelt love distinguishes good from evil
12:11-13—Zeal, fire, service, hope, perseverance, prayer, hospitality
12:14—Bless, do not curse, our persecutors
12:15-16—Mutual care and sympathy
12:17-18—Don’t retaliate, and offend only when necessary
12:19—Vengeance belongs to the Lord
12:20—Burning coals to awaken a guilty conscience
12:21—Good overcomes evil
Chapter 13
13:1-7—Introduction
13:1—Submitting to government officials
13:2—Rebellion will be judged
13:1-7—Nero and the issue of submission to evil rulers (part 1)
13:1-7—Nero and the issue of submission to evil rulers (part 2)
13:3-4—The ruler is God’s servant
13:5—Submission for the sake of conscience
13:6—Pay your taxes
13:7—The obligations of good citizenship
13:8 —Fulfilling the law through love
13:9–10 —Love sums up the law that guides love
13:11–14—Paul’s metaphorical conclusion: wake up, cast off, walk, put on
13:11–12a—Do not sleep in worldly pleasure; stay alert in hope
13:12b–13 —A change of clothes
13:13–14 —Augustine: from sensuality to saint
13:14—Wearing the righteousness of Christ
13:14—Guarding our minds against sin
Chapter 14
14:1–3—Meat and vegetables, beer and wine, Trump
14:4—Leave judgment to the Lord, whose grace sustains us
14:5–6—Honoring the Lord in all that we eat, drink, and do
14:7–9—We live and die to the Lord
14:10–12 —Who is the master of your fate?
14:13–14—Respect your brother’s conscience
14:15–16—Don’t grieve your brother by your liberty
14:17–19—The nature of the kingdom of God
14:20–21—Summary remarks on liberty and love
14:22–23—Faith, freedom, and conscience
Summary principles on the conscience
Chapter 15
15:1–6—Unity by following the example of Christ
15:7–13—Conclusion: Jews and Gentiles should accept one another
Bibliography
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